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Adaptation actions/options

Adaptation actions/options are adaptation measures considered for implementation. Adaptation actions/options can be clustered in four main types (EEA, 2013):

• 'Grey' adaptation actions are used to reduce vulnerability to climate change and create resilience. Examples include dyke building and beach restoration to prevent coastal erosion.
• 'Green' adaptation actions make use of nature. Examples include introducing new crop and tree varieties, allowing room for rivers to naturally flood onto floodplains, and restoring wetlands.
• 'Soft' adaptation actions are managerial, legal and policy approaches that alter human behaviour and styles of governance. Examples include early warning systems or financial infrastructure that can insure against damage from natural disasters.
• Combined actions are making use of all of these three types. In fact, the best results are often achieved by combining actions. For example, flood risk in a particular area can be addressed by a combination of green and grey actions, or grey and soft actions.