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Further integration of adaptation into conventions and other institutions for transnational cooperation  can strengthen transnational adaptation efforts

The findings of the self-assessment survey clearly show the importance of pan-European initiatives in strengthening transnational cooperation. Several different instruments have contributed, many of which are project-based relying on support from, for example, Life+, Interreg and in some cases the EU framework programmes for research. The challenge for these project-based adaptation strategies is to institutionalise the practices so that activities continue past the lifetime of a project. A dense web of policy networks on the European level may not be sufficient if institutionalised links between the major actors and institutions are missing as observed by Grande and Peschke (1999) in the area of science and technology policy.  Project-based funding was not able to create the necessary institutionalised links, which is one of the reasons behind, for example, the emphasis on joint programming initiatives in the European science policy. The self-assessment survey has shown that a comparable “joint programming of transnational adaptation” is only emerging.