Post a comment on the text below

The examples above suggest that there are several existing fora for developing and implementing transnational adaptation strategies to deal with climate change. While the focus to date has been on water and coastal areas, there are other transnational issues relevant to adaptation (e.g. biodiversity, spatial planning) that are yet to link to adaptation and there are instruments for transboundary cooperation where adaptation to climate change may become an increasingly relevant issue although it has not yet been extensively recognised. For example, the 1992 UNECE Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents may be relevant in considering the possible consequences of extreme climatic events. At the EU level this would also apply to the Directive on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances (2012/18/EU), which currently recognises transboundary impacts without making reference to climatic factors affecting the risks or consequences. There are also other forms of transnational cooperation such as that between cities rather than states (Bontenbal and van Lindert, 2009), where the similarities of context motivate cooperation. Within the EU, activities in the Mayors Adapt initiative launched under the Covenant of Mayors in 2014 is an example of transnational cooperation on urban adaptation. The Covenant of Mayors was also instrumental in putting adaptation on the agenda at the Warzaw summit of the UNFCCC in  November 2013 where representatives of cities, city organisations and local authorities discussed ways to enhance adaptation and resilience at the local level (Covenant of Mayors, 2013).