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European regional conventions on the protection of the environment, including sea areas, have initiated activities that include assessment of climate change impacts and considerations of adaptation. For example the OSPAR Commission has published an assessment of climate change mitigation and adaptation (2009) and a similar synthesis has been published for the Baltic Sea (HELCOM, 2013). In these the starting point is generally the impacts and vulnerabilities, but eventually they lead to considerations of adaptation measures. At the European level the proposed Framework Directive for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management (EC, 2013b) is intended to support also adaptation that recognises cross-border activities as appropriate.