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Shared natural resources such as transboundary watercourses have motivated transnational cooperation in adaptation

In spite of country responses suggesting a lack of explicit references to transnational cooperation in adaptation policies, a number of examples can be observed on the ground. Water management as a sector has the broadest experience of transnational cooperation. It is therefore natural that transnational cooperation in the water sector has taken on board adaptation to climate change. Multiple examples of transnational cooperation in adaptation have been reported by countries in areas of transboundary river basin or catchment management (i.e. Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Italy, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia and Switzerland). Coastal area management is also a common sector for transnational cooperation and adaptation to climate change has been recognised as a transboundary issue in this area by Denmark, Latvia and Lithuania. Other areas where transnational cooperation has expanded to cover adaptation to climate change include biodiversity conservation as reported by Italy and Spain, and strategies and risk management protocols for natural hazards as reported by Italy and Switzerland. Six countries report that risk or vulnerability assessments are available at transnational level. However, only one country (i.e. Lithuania) reported that transnational adaptation options have been identified and assessed on the basis of transnational risk or vulnerability assessments.