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Limited use of deeper forms of involvement along with limited involvement of non-governmental stakeholders may reflect novelty of adaptation as a policy area

The importance of stakeholder involvement in adaptation is evident from the self-assessment responses and has been underlined both from practical and theoretical points of view (Schröter et al., 2005). Collaboration of multiple stakeholders may help to address future goals and present deficiencies of different adaptation strategies. In the self-assessment survey stakeholder involvement was used as a general term covering several different but related concepts such as participation, engagement and consultation. The emphasis can vary depending on the country specific context and the objectives for stakeholder involvement. These starting points are generally reflected in the responses to the self-assessment survey. In line with the objectives of mainstreaming, the main focus in (national) policy development has been on the involvement of stakeholders at the central government level.