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Definition of key terms

‘Stakeholders’ in the context of this report includes the following actors:

  • Governmental officials from national level (e.g. policy makers, public administration, governmental agencies)
  • Governmental officials from sub-national level (including provincial, regional and local level)
  • Private sector
  • Interest groups (e.g. farmers' associations, NGOs)
  • Scientists/researchers
  • General public

The following forms of stakeholder involvement were considered in the self-assessment survey:

Information given information has been provided to stakeholders (e.g. web-sites, newsletter, reports and informative meetings)
Information gathered information has been collected from stakeholders (e.g. online-survey)
Consultation feedback on policy draft proposals has been obtained from stakeholders (e.g. written feedback on policy drafts)
Active involvement Active involvement
Partnerships decision-making power is redistributed through negotiation between responsible authority and stakeholders
Empowerment final decision is in the hands of the stakeholders

Active involvement, partnerships and empowerment are considered ‘deeper’ forms of stakeholder involvement in the context of this report. Country responses brought up an additional form of involvement, co-creation, where multiple public and private sector stakeholders work together and share responsibility for developing knowledge, options and solutions. Elements of co-creation can be found in both partnerships and empowerment.

For further definitions see the Glossary in Chapter 4.

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