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Horizontal coordination mechanisms refer to institutions and processes in place to support integration of adaptation into sector policies. It entails that actors responsible for different policy areas within an administrative level (e.g. national) exchange information and adjust their activities so as to ensure that adaptation efforts result in coherent action responding to the unavoidable impacts of and, where possible, benefitting from climate change.

Vertical coordination mechanisms refer to institutions and processes in place to support integration of adaptation through multiple administrative levels within a country (i.e. national, provincial, regional, local/city level). This entails that information on and approaches to adaptation are transferred and exchanged effectively within each policy area from the national to the sub-national levels and vice versa.

For further definitions see the Glossary in Chapter 4.