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In relation to national risk or vulnerability assessments, European countries report that more information is still needed about the estimation of costs, benefits and uncertainties

In relation to national risk or vulnerability assessments, 20 of the responding countries (26) indicate that estimation of costs is one of the most important issues about which more information is still needed (Italy included this answer in the 'other' category). This was followed by the estimation of benefits (16 out of 26 countries) and the estimation of uncertainties (15 out of 26 countries) (Figure 2.8). The ranking of these topics is in alignment with the answers reported by participating countries when asked to indicate if the costs of climate change impacts and the costs and benefits of adaptation have been identified in their countries. Only four out of 29 countries (France; referring to the cost of impacts, Greece, Slovakia, United Kingdom) respond positively to indicate that these estimates have been undertaken for their countries. Eleven countries indicate absence of these estimates (Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Romania, Switzerland, Slovenia, Turkey), although some of them report that there is a plan to undertake this task. The remaining countries make reference to studies that have conducted partial estimations, or report that estimations are currently in progress. Finally, one country indicates that there is need for medium/ long-term socio economic scenarios (France) and one country for models which identify possible climate change impacts with the necessary granularity (Malta). Both of these topics are included in the 'Other' category in Figure 2.8.